Forest Fire Detection Using Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks and Image Compression

Abstract

Recently, the issue of multimedia sensors received considerable critical attention, that led to the apparition of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) WMSN that different from wireless sensor networks (WSN) by using multimedia sensors that can process video, audio, image data besides scalar data and send it to station base (SB). Multimedia data have a big volume bigger than scalar data and need more resources and consumed more energy. The ideal solution to solve the problems of WMSN (big volume, energy consumption) is data compression. Forest plays a critical role in our daily life we can summarize the importance of forests in human life. Among the most dangerous events the forest fires that happen because of natural or Man-made. Many methods used to detect forest fires the newest are: wireless multimedia sensor networks. Our system of detecting forest fire has been developed using a wireless multimedia senor network with two types of sensors (scalar, images). In the first phase when the scalar sensors detected a high temperature its announced alarm to activate the image sensors. In the second phase for detecting fire the image sensors, we used image processing tools. When the zone of fire in the image captured was detected the phase of compression started using the down sampling method. the final phase is transmission data to the station base using the grid chain transmission protocol technique, which allows a critical optimization of energy consumption. So, maximizing network life. The competence of the proposed system is achieved by minimizing size of image transmitted with grid chain routing protocol.