Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of myopia among school-age children in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Abstract

Background: The recent increase in myopia is a major public health concern worldwide, including in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Aim: To provide data on the prevalence of myopia among school-age children in the EMR. Methods: This study was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) protocol. We searched the Web of Sciences, Scopus, Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region, ProQuest, PubMed, and Medline for studies on the prevalence of myopia in the EMR published from January 2000 to May 2022. The data were analysed using MedCalc version 19.6.1 and myopia was defined as refractive error ≥ 0.50 D. The overall pooled prevalence of myopia was estimated using a random-effects model and its associated 95% confidence intervals. Results: The meta-analysis included 27 quality-assessed studies from 13 countries among 51 111 school-age children. The overall pooled prevalence of childhood myopia from 2000 to 2022 was 5.23%, which was significantly higher among females than males (4.90% vs 3.94%). The prevalence of myopia was significantly higher among children aged 11–17 years than among those aged 5–10 years (7.50% vs 3.90%). There was a higher prevalence of myopia with cycloplegic refraction than noncycloplegic refraction (5.95% vs 3.73%). There was highly significant heterogeneity between the studies. Conclusion: Prevalence of myopia among school-age children in the EMR was high, particularly among older children, and it was more common among females. Early intervention to slow myopia progression is essential in the EMR to protect children from irreversible vision loss.