Light at Night Exposure Effects on Differentiation and Cell Cycle in the Rat Liver With Autonomic Nervous System Denervation

Abstract

Introduction: N Exposure to artificial light at night (LAN) affects human health and causes several functional modifications in the body. Obesity, diabetes, and hormonal changes are reported after exposure to LAN in humans. This study aims to highlight the critical features of biological terms that are affected in the liver of rats which received autonomic nervous system denervation. Methods: The liver gene expression profiles of 8 male Wistar rats that received sympathetic plus parasympathetic hepatic denervation and were exposed to LAN from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) for 1 hour were compared with 5 controls. The significant differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis STRING database (an application of Cytoscape software). Also, CuleGO and CleuDedia, the 2 applications of Cytoscape software, were used for more analysis. Results: Among 250 DEGs, 173 characterized genes with fold change more than 2 plus 100 added relevant genes were included in the PPI network. The analysis of the main connected component (MCC) led to introducing 15 hubs and 15 bottlenecks. CCT2, COPS7A, KAT2A, and ERCC1 were determined as hub-bottlenecks. Among hubs and bottlenecks, DHX15, KAT2A, CCT2, HSP90AB1, CCNE1, DHX16, LSM2, WEE1, CWC27, BAZ1B, RAB22A, DNM2, and DHX30 were linked to each other by various kinds of actions. CCT2 and KAT2A, the 2 hub-bottlenecks, were included in the interacted genes in the action map. Four classes of biological terms including negative regulation of non-motile cilium assembly, negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta activation, alpha-tubulin acetylation, and histamine-induced gastric acid secretion were identified as the critical biochemical pathways and biological processes. Conclusion: Several essential functions such as differentiation, cell cycle, ribosome assembly, and splicing are affected by LAN in rat livers with autonomic nervous system denervation.