Combined effect of cadmium and noise on rat’s kidney

Abstract

Introduction: Recently, the consequence of chemical industries and noise on human health is the update subject for researchers. There are many reports published about nephrotoxicity of noise and cadmium alone. Objectives: The main aim of this study was to detect the combined consequence of noise and cadmium on renal function. Materials and Methods: Forty adult male rats were put into eight groups in random order (n=5). Groups 1 control, group 2 exposed to 90 dB (decibels) noise, groups 3- 5 received (intraperitoneal; ip) cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at doses of 1,2,3 mg/kg and group 6-8 pretreated with CdCl2 at doses of 1, 2, and 3 mg/kg 30 minutes before exposing to 90 dB noise. The exercise was repeated for seven consecutive days. Animals were killed 24 hours afterwards. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels were analyzed. Kidney tissues were excised for measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations. Results: There was significant rise on the levels of BUN, Cr and MDA. Additionally, a decrease on the level of GSH in rats that were exposed to noise or cadmium alone or combined to noise and cadmium was detected. Significant elevation of BUN, Cr, MDA and depletion of GSH were also noted in cadmium-treated rats compared to those in the animals co-exposed to cadmium and noise. Conclusion: This study shows that exposed rats to cadmium and/or noise caused renal function impairment. Production of oxidative stress is responsible for cadmium or noise induced nephrotoxicity. However, co-exposure of cadmium and noise reduced nephrotoxicity of cadmium. The possible explanation for noises suppressing cadmium nephrotoxicity is that noise may enhance excretion and/or induced redistribution and depleted accumulation of cadmium in the kidney.