Investigating the Link Between Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Anemia in End-Stage Renal Disease

Abstract

Background:ESRD significantly burdens healthcare systems worldwide. Its related complications, such as LVH and anemia, lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH), which mirrors an increase in myocardial mass and wall thickness, is easily identified in patients with ESRD. Anemia, a state of low hemoglobin, increases cardiac work Aims and Objective: To explore anemia and its association with LVH in ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis by detailed echocardiographic assessment and comprehensive blood analysis. Methodology:  This comparative study was carried out at a teaching hospital, namely Ghurki Teaching Hospital and a tertiary care hospital, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from March 2023 to April 2024. A purposive sample of 200 adults on maintenance hemodialysis with ESRD was obtained through stratified random sampling techniques and the participants were grouped based on anemia status: anemic; (hemoglobin <13g/dL in males, <12g/dL in females) or non-anemic. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (Version 26) by employing independent t-test to compare the means, chi-squared test for categorical variables, A p-value < 0. 05 was considered significant. Results:In patients with anemia, the LVMI was significantly (P≤0.05) higher than in patients without anemia. Anemia was found to be a significant (P≤0.05) predictor of an increase in LVMI over time, indicating its role in the development of LVH. Conclusion:The findings of present research indicated that, as shown by echocardiography, there is a substantial correlation between LVH and anemia in patients on maintenance of hemodialysis.