The Effect of Gender Stereotype Threat and Conceptions of Ability on Motor Learning and Working Memory

Author:

Nahidi Narges1,Saemi Esmaeel1ORCID,Doustan Mohammadreza1,Aronson Joshua2,Laurin Raphaël3

Affiliation:

1. Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

2. Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA

3. Laboratoire PSY-DREPI, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besancon, France

Abstract

The present study explored the effects of gender stereotype threat and conceptions of ability on motor learning and working memory in novice female learners. Sixty participants (Mage = 21.92 years, SDage = 1.74) were randomly assigned into a gender stereotype threat and a control group (neutral; without stereotype threat). Each group was, in turn, randomly divided into two subgroups: inherent ability and acquired skill. The tasks assigned to the participants included soccer dribbling and the n-back test. In the pretest, the individuals only performed one dribbling trial, whereas in the practice phase, the individuals performed 12 blocks of five trials based on their respective test conditions. During retention and transfer under pressure (48 hr after practice for both tests), the participants carried out one block of five trials. The participants also completed the n-back test in the pretest, posttest, and retention phases. In both motor performance and learning, the findings suggested that both gender stereotype threat and inherent ability variables can negatively influence the soccer dribbling skill (p < .05). However, regarding working memory, the results could not show any significant difference between the groups (p > .05). How these variables affect or do not affect motor learning as well as working memory and how the results are applied in the motor domain are discussed.

Publisher

Human Kinetics

Subject

Cognitive Neuroscience,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine,Biophysics

Reference56 articles.

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