Impact Magnitude and Symmetry in Females During Return to Sport Tasks Measured With Inertial Sensors

Abstract

Context: Impact magnitude, such as peak tibial acceleration, may be associated with lower extremity injury risk and can be measured with an inertial sensor. An understanding of impact magnitude across functional tasks could guide clinicians in exercise prescription during rehabilitation of lower extremity injuries. Objectives: To determine (1) differences in impact magnitude based on task and (2) which tasks have asymmetrical impact magnitude based on limb dominance. Design: Observational cohort design. Thirty-three healthy, recreationally active adult females participated in 1 testing session on a basketball court. Methods: Participants wore inertial sensors with embedded accelerometers on bilateral distal shanks. Participants completed 9 plyometric, speed, and agility tasks commonly utilized during the return to sport phase of lower extremity rehabilitation. Main Outcome Measures: Average impact magnitude (peak tibial acceleration in multiples of gravity, g) for each limb for each task. Analyses: We used a repeated-measures analysis of variance (factor: task) to determine the differences in impact magnitude based on task. We categorized tasks by magnitude of impact into low, medium, high, and very high impact. We utilized paired t tests for each task to compare limbs (dominant vs nondominant). Results: Impact magnitude differed based on task (P < .001). We classified tasks as low impact (≤10g; single-leg [SL] lateral jump, double-leg [DL] lateral jump); medium impact (11–20g; SL vertical jump, box drill); high impact (21–30g; modified T test, DL forward jump, SL forward jump); and very high impact (≥31g; sprint, DL tuck jump). Impact magnitude differed by limb in 3 tasks (DL forward jump, DL lateral jump, and box drill), with a higher impact on the dominant limb in each task. Conclusions: Impact magnitude differed based on task. While most tasks had symmetric impact magnitude between limbs, 3 tasks had a higher impact magnitude on the dominant limb.