Exercise and Protein Supplementation Recommendations for Older Adults With Sarcopenic Obesity: A Meta-Review

Abstract

This systematic meta-review evaluated the effects of exercise with and without protein interventions on muscle strength and function in older adults with sarcopenic obesity. PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched through February 2021 for relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses with aerobic, resistance, and/or combined training interventions with and without protein supplementation in older adults ≥ 65 years with sarcopenic obesity. This meta-review showed that exercise with and without protein supplementation improved body composition (i.e., decreased percentage body fat) and functional outcomes (i.e., gait speed and grip strength). Because the current literature is limited, determining the effects of exercise and combined protein supplementation in this population requires further investigation. In the meantime, protein recommendations should align with general sarcopenia recommendations. Based upon available findings, tentative exercise recommendations to optimize health outcomes in this population are proposed.