The Effects of the Short Foot Exercise on Navicular Drop: A Critically Appraised Topic

Abstract

Clinical Scenario:Deformation of the arch, as measured by navicular drop (ND), is linked to lower-extremity musculoskeletal injuries. The short foot exercise (SFE) has been used to strengthen the intrinsic foot muscles that support the arch.Clinical Question:Does the SFE decrease ND in healthy adults?Summary of Key Findings:Three studies that examined the use of the SFE on ND were included. A randomized control trial that compared the SFE to a towel-curl exercise and a control group found no significant differences between the 3 groups. A randomized control trial compared the SFE to the use of arch support insoles in individuals with a flexible flatfoot and found a significant improvement in the SFE group. A prospective cohort study, without a control group, reported a significant decrease in ND following a 4-week SFE intervention without a regression at an 8-week follow-up. Overall, two of the three studies reported a significant reduction in ND following an SFE.Clinical Bottom Line:There is preliminary data supporting the use of the SFE to decrease ND—particularly in individuals with a flexible flatfoot. However, issues with the study designs make it difficult to interpret the data.Strength of Recommendation:Due to limited evidence, there is grade B evidence to support the use of the SFE to decrease ND.