Attitudes Toward Implicit Bias Among Athletic Trainers

Abstract

Implicit biases are attitudes, emotions, or stereotypes that occur in an unconscious manner and have the potential to negatively affect behaviors, actions, and decisions. Recent studies have suggested that even when certain factors are controlled for, health care workers do not provide equitable care to patients from different demographics. When patients are not receiving equitable health care, there is a potential for disparities in patient-related outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine attitudes toward implicit bias among athletic trainers. A secondary purpose of this study was to assess differences and correlations between attitudes toward implicit bias and demographic factors including age, years of experience, gender identity, sexual orientation, and race. Participants were recruited for this study by emailing athletic trainers from publicly available staff directories at institutions of higher education and high schools, and athletic training education program directors. The survey consisted of questions gathering demographic information and questions taken from the Attitudes Toward Implicit Bias Instrument. A total of 218 athletic trainers (age = 38 [11] y, years of certified experience = 14 [11] y) opened and completed the survey. On average, participants scored 71.0 [11.2] on the Attitudes Toward Implicit Bias Instrument. This mean score indicated that the average participant felt that implicit bias had the potential to negatively impact patient care and needed to be addressed through education. There was a significant, negligible negative correlation between age and attitudes toward implicit bias (r[216] = −.157, P = .02). Examining implicit bias among athletic trainers warrants further research to understand how implicit bias can negatively affect access to equitable health care opportunities. The development of high-quality interventions for identifying and addressing implicit bias is crucial to ensuring optimal patient outcomes in athletic training and all medical settings.