Selective Effects of Training Against Weight and Inertia on Muscle Mechanical Properties

Abstract

Purpose:To explore the effects of training against mechanically different types of loads on muscle force (F), velocity (V), and power (P) outputs.Methods:Subjects practiced maximum bench throws over 8 wk against a bar predominantly loaded by approximately constant external force (weight), weight plates (weight plus inertia), or weight plates whose weight was compensated by a constant external force pulling upward (inertia). Instead of a typically applied single trial performed against a selected load, the pretest and posttest consisted of the same task performed against 8 different loads ranging from 30% to 79% of the subject’s maximum strength applied by adding weight plates to the bar. That provided a range of F and V data for subsequent modeling by linear F–V regression revealing the maximum F (F-intercept), V (V-intercept), and P (P = FV/4).Results:Although all 3 training conditions resulted in increased P, the inertia type of the training load could be somewhat more effective than weight. An even more important finding was that the P increase could be almost exclusively based on a gain in F, V, or both when weight, inertia, or weight-plus-inertia training load were applied, respectively.Conclusions:The inertia training load is more effective than weight in increasing P and weight and inertia may be applied for selective gains in F and V, respectively, whereas the linear F–V model obtained from loaded trials could be used for discerning among muscle F, V, and P.