Heating Up to Keep Cool: Benefits and Persistence of a Practical Heat Acclimation Protocol in Elite Female Olympic Team-Sport Athletes

Author:

Fenemor Stephen P.12ORCID,Driller Matthew W.3ORCID,Gill Nicholas D.14,Anderson Brad4,Casadio Julia R.2,Sims Stacy T.5ORCID,Beaven C. Martyn1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato Adams Centre for High Performance, Mt Maunganui, New Zealand

2. High Performance Sport New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand

3. Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

4. New Zealand Rugby Union, Wellington, New Zealand

5. Sport Performance Research Institute of New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand

Abstract

Purpose: Although recommendations for effective heat acclimation (HA) strategies for many circumstances exist, best-practice HA protocols specific to elite female team-sport athletes are yet to be established. Therefore, the authors aimed to investigate the effectiveness and retention of a passive HA protocol integrated in a female Olympic rugby sevens team training program. Methods: Twelve elite female rugby sevens athletes undertook 10 days of passive HA across 2 training weeks. Tympanic temperature (TTymp), sweat loss, heart rate, and repeated 6-second cycling sprint performance were assessed using a sport-specific heat stress test Pre-HA, after 3 days (Mid-HA), after 10 days (Post-HA), and 15 days post-HA (Decay). Results: Compared with Pre-HA, submaximal TTymp was lower Mid-HA and Post-HA (both by −0.2 [0.7] °C; d ≥ 0.71), while resting TTymp was lower Post-HA (by −0.3 [0.2] °C; d = 0.81). There were no differences in TTymp at Decay compared with Pre-HA, nor were there any differences in heart rate or sweat loss at any time points. Mean peak 6-second power output improved Mid-HA and Post-HA (76 [36] W; 75 [34] W, respectively; d ≥ 0.45) compared with Pre-HA. The observed performance improvement persisted at Decay by 65 (45) W (d = 0.41). Conclusions: Ten days of passive HA can elicit some thermoregulatory and performance benefits when integrated into a training program in elite female team-sport athletes. However, such a protocol does not provide a sufficient thermal impulse for thermoregulatory adaptations to be retained after 15 days with no further heat stimulus.

Publisher

Human Kinetics

Subject

Orthopedics and Sports Medicine,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation

Reference33 articles.

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2. The effects of heat adaptation on physiology, perception and exercise performance in the heat: a meta-analysis;Tyler CJ,2016

3. Sex differences in the physiological adaptations to heat acclimation: a state-of-the-art review;Wickham KA,2021

4. Temperature regulation in women: effects of the menstrual cycle;Baker FC,2020

5. Sex differences in thermoeffector responses during exercise at fixed requirements for heat loss;Gagnon D,2012

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1. Blood Lactate Responses of Male and Female Players Across an International Rugby Sevens Tournament;International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance;2023-09-01

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