Abstract
AbstractA four-force parallel to the trajectory of a massive particle can always be eliminated by going to an affine parametrization, but the affine parameter is different from the proper time. The main application is to cosmology, in which elements of the cosmic fluid are subject to a pressure gradient parallel to their four-velocities. Natural implementations of parallel four-forces occur when the particle mass changes, in scalar–tensor cosmology, and in cosmic antifriction due to particle production.
Funder
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous),Engineering (miscellaneous)
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