INFLUENCE OF PROFESSIONAL AND OFFICIAL DISTINCTIONS ON LEVEL AND CHANGES OF THE SALARY IN BRANCHES OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY

Abstract

The analysis of a problem of formation of the salary on the basis of official data of the Federal State Statistics Service, including data of selective inspection of the organizations during 2005-2015, allowed to reveal essential differences on the nature of differentiation of the salary in a section of kinds of activity, sectors of economy and categories of the employments. Dynamics of the salary level of the workers representing four sectors of economy was considered as a subject of the analysis. The large gap has been revealed between the salaries in the extracting industry (the highest paid sphere) and in the education system (the lowest-paid one), in relation to categories of workers and specialists in comparison with heads of the organizations. The situation is connected, in particular, with the fact that the salary of a qualified employee in the education system makes only one third of the worker's earnings in the sphere of fuel production and energy resources, while the salary of the head in education sphere is about a half of earnings of the head in the fuel and energy resources production. The developing discrepancies are the result of the specific dynamics of nominal wages of separate professional and official groups of workers. Positive tendency of salary growing for all categories in the field of research is combined with a slow and unstable increase of the salary in education and health care. Thus, positive tendencies in the sphere of distribution according to labor in the Russian economy realize rather slowly and inconsistently, which reflects substantial stagnation in economic processes. In these conditions it is required to carry out more active and scientifically based policy in the social sphere aimed at overcoming unreasonable differences in compensation of various categories of the employees.