Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmosis Reconstruction Using a Free Hamstring Autograft

Abstract

Background: Chronic instability of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and its treatment is infrequently described in the literature. We report our results for treating this condition with a reconstruction based on restoration of near normal anatomy with a hamstring autograft. Materials and Methods: Eight patients, who had chronic distal tibiofibular syndesmosis instability diagnosed arthroscopically underwent reconstruction of the distal anterior tibiofibular ligament and the transverse interosseus ligament using a free semi-tendinosis hamstring autograft. A radiographic and clinical review of the patients was performed. The average followup was 39 (range, 9 to 86) months. Results: The postoperative visual analogue pain score was 19 out of 100 compared to 73 out of 100 preoperatively. The postoperative mean AOFAS score was 85.4 (range, 49 to 100), the SF-36 score was 81 (range, 56 to 92) and the Maryland foot score was 89.3 (range, 63 to 100). Conclusion: Chronic instability of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis is an infrequent problem but disabling when it occurs. Our results show an improved VAS score for pain, improved swelling and instability symptoms as well as SF-36, AOFAS and Maryland scores. We would recommend this method to reconstruct the anterior tibiofibular ligament and the transverse interosseus ligament which has failed to respond to debridement alone.