Perioperative Differences between Bone Bridging and Non-Bone Bridging Transtibial Amputations for Wartime Lower Extremity Trauma

Abstract

Background: The distal bone bridge transtibial amputation technique requires additional intraoperative surgical steps when compared to the non-bone bridging technique. Comparative functional data is not available showing a clearly superior outcome from either technique. Identifying perioperative differences could influence a surgeon's decision regarding the technique of amputation to be performed. This study's purpose was to compare perioperative differences between bone bridging transtibial amputation and non-bone bridging amputation techniques. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review from April 2004 to April 2007 identified 37 consecutive patients with 42 transtibial amputations as a result of wartime blast injuries. Twenty-two non-bone bridging and twenty bone bridging amputations were performed. Statistical comparisons of intraoperative time, tourniquet time, estimated blood loss, the need for postoperative transfusion and frequency of wound complications was performed. Results: The bone bridging amputation technique had significantly longer operative times (178.5 vs. 112.2 minutes, p < 0.0005) and tourniquet times (114.8 vs. 71.0 minutes, p < 0.0005). Regardless of technique used, amputations performed within the zone of injury had a 66.7% wound complication rate ( p < 0.0005). There was not a statistically significant difference in reoperation for wound complications between groups when controlling for zone of injury: bone bridge (6.3%) and non-bone bridge (0.0%). Amputation closure performed within the zone of injury was a significant predictor for subsequent wound problems regardless of amputation technique. Conclusion: Longer operative and tourniquet times should not be considered a contraindication to utilizing the bone bridging amputation technique in younger and otherwise healthy patients. Both amputation techniques have comparable rates of short term wound complications and associated blood loss. Wound closure for traumatic amputations should not be perfomed through the zone of injury.