1. Oregon Health & Science University, Center for Policy and Research—Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Portland, Oregon
2. Kaiser Permanente, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Francisco, California
3. Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
4. The Permanente Medical Group and Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California
5. Portland State University, School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon
6. Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Portland, Oregon
7. University of Pennsylvania, Department of Emergency Medicine, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania