Miller-Fisher Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Introduction: Neurological complaints are a common presenting symptom seen by the emergency physician. However, the Miller-Fisher variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare cause of neurological complaints seen in the emergency department. Case Report: A 26-year-old male presented with dysphonia and bilateral hand and feet paresthesia after a recent diarrheal illness. Examination revealed the absence of tricep, brachioradialis, patellar and Achilles tendon reflexes bilaterally, and difficulty with phonation. Lumbar puncture revealed the presence of anti-GQ1b antibodies, and the patient was diagnosed with Miller-Fisher variant of Guillain-Barré. Discussion: Miller-Fisher syndrome is an acute, autoimmune response that typically follows either an upper respiratory or diarrheal illness. Typically associated with dysfunction of cranial nerves three, four, and six, Miller-Fisher syndrome may present with facial paralysis, opthalmoplegia, arefexia, or ataxia. Lumbar puncture with the presence of anti-GQ1b antibodies is indicative. Treatment could include supportive respiratory care, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, or plasmapheresis. Conclusion: Miller-Fisher syndrome is a rare form of Guillain-Barré syndrome that the emergency provider should include in the differential when faced with a patient with cranial nerve dysfunction.