Analysis of the use of the latissimus dorsi muscle flap in breast reconstruction

Abstract

Post-mastectomy breast reconstruction represents a significant challenge in plastic surgery, particularly in achieving satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcomes. This study was motivated by the need to deepen the understanding of the use of the latissimus dorsi muscle flap (LDMF) in breast reconstruction. The primary objective was to evaluate aesthetic and functional outcomes, analyze associated complications, and compare patient satisfaction with this technique to other reconstructive approaches. To achieve these objectives, we conducted a qualitative literature review, consulting databases such as Google Scholar, SciELO, PubMed, specialized scientific journals, and virtual libraries. Inclusion criteria encompassed articles published in peer-reviewed journals, in Portuguese and English, specifically addressing the use of LDMF in breast reconstruction. Articles that did not directly address this topic, had small sample sizes, or lacked full-text access were excluded. The results showed that the volume of the LDMF tends to progressively decrease over time, influencing patients' aesthetic and functional expectations. Endoscopy-assisted techniques for flap harvesting demonstrated improvements in aesthetic outcomes and higher patient satisfaction. The combination of LDMF with tissue expanders and fat grafting proved effective, particularly in post-radiation contexts. We concluded that despite volume limitations, LDMF offers robust aesthetic and functional results, with high patient satisfaction. The technique remains a valuable choice in breast reconstruction, significantly contributing to patients' quality of life and self-image.