Smart sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) for sustainable environmental and agricultural management

Abstract

With the advancement of smart sensors and the Internet of Things, innovative technologies for environmental monitoring and rural installations have become solutions to increase production sustainably. Thus, this work analyzes the application of smart sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) in the environmental monitoring of rural facilities, aiming to promote sustainability and efficiency in agricultural production. Smart sensors can collect environmental data in real-time, which is essential in rural environments. IoT enables communication and integration of this data. These technologies bring several benefits, such as improvements in efficiency, productivity, and sustainability. The study addresses types of sensors used in monitoring, such as optical, acoustic, chemical, and physical, in addition to monitored parameters, such as air and soil quality. Emerging technologies are also explored, including wireless network sensors, multispectral monitoring, microsatellites, blockchain, and virtual reality. The review includes case studies on successful applications of IoT and sensors in contexts such as smart irrigation, precision agriculture, and animal facility monitoring. It is concluded that these technologies have a high potential to contribute to more sustainable agricultural systems and animal production. Challenges such as privacy, security, and ethical use of data are highlighted.