Percent positivity and phylogenetic analysis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in commercial poultry from the different States of India
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Published:2022-07-28
Issue:
Volume:
Page:1843-1851
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ISSN:2231-0916
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Container-title:Veterinary World
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Vet World
Author:
Giram Pranoti1ORCID, Bhutada Pankhudi1ORCID, Prajapati Chhagan1, Koratkar Santosh S.1ORCID, Patil Sachin2ORCID, Hooda Devender2, Rale Vinay3ORCID, Tongaonkar Satish S.1ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Maharashtra, India. 2. Huvepharma SEA (Pune) Pvt. Ltd., Maharashtra, India. 3. Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Maharashtra, India; Symbiosis Centre for Research & Innovation (SCRI), Symbiosis International Deemed University, Lavale, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract
Background and Aim: The Indian and global poultry industries suffer significant economic losses due to Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) infections, which adversely affect egg production, hatchability, weight gain, and feed efficiency in farms, thus decreasing the overall production efficiency. This study aimed to determine the percent positivity and phylogenetic analysis of MG, MS, and co-infection of both mycoplasmas in commercial poultry farms across different states of India from 2017 to 2021.
Materials and Methods: A total of 3620 tracheal or choacal swabs were collected from breeder and layer farms showing clinical signs of avian mycoplasma infections from commercial poultry farms across India, and the percent positivites for MG, MS, and co-infection of both mycoplasmas were determined by Polymerase chain reaction using the 16S rRNA and vlhA genes amplification, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out by sequencing the mgc2 and vlhA genes of 2 samples of MG and 24 samples of M. synoviae to gain insight into the genetic variability of Indian strains. The data were then compared with other Indian strains, vaccines strains, and strains from other countries.
Results: Our data shows the percent positivity of MG, MS, and co-infection of both MG and MS was 6.43%, 23.61%, and 15.49%, respectively. The phylogenetic relationship between MG and MS was determined using the vlhA and mgc2 genes, revealing two samples of MG and 24 samples of MS clustered with other Indian strains. M. synoviae MSM22 and previously studied M. synoviae MGS 482 clustered with vaccine strain M. synoviae MS-H.
Conclusion: Mycoplasma synoviae infections in breeder, layer, and in both is predominant compared to MG across the states investigated in India. Sequenced samples of MG and MS showed evolutionary relationships with the previously studied Indian strains of MG and MS. These findings support our view that monitoring chickens for avian mycoplasma infections are of paramount significance. It further lends credence to the contention that such information will pave the way for the development of a home-grown vaccination control program and thus safeguard the poultry sector against mycoplasma infections.
Publisher
Veterinary World
Subject
General Veterinary
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