Persistent detection of Tilapia lake virus in wild tilapia and tinfoil barbs
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Published:2022-04-27
Issue:
Volume:
Page:1097-1106
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ISSN:2231-0916
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Container-title:Veterinary World
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Vet World
Author:
Abdullah Azila1ORCID, Pazai Afzan Muntaziana Mohd2ORCID, Ridzuan Mohd Syafiq Mohammad1ORCID, Sudirwan Fahmi1, Hashim Shahidan1, Abas Adnan3, Murni Munira1, Roli Zuraidah1, Ramly Rimatulhana1ORCID, Firdaus-Nawi Mohd4ORCID
Affiliation:
1. National Fish Health Research Division (NaFisH), Fisheries Research Institute (FRI) Batu Maung, Department of Fisheries Malaysia,11960 Batu Maung, Penang, Malaysia. 2. Freshwater Aquaculture Fisheries Research Division, Fisheries Research Institute (FRI) Glami Lemi, Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 71650 Titi Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. 3. Perlis State Fisheries Department, Department of Fisheries Malaysia, Lot 636 Kuala Perlis Road, 02000 Perlis, Malaysia. 4. Department of Marine Science, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the emerging viral diseases in freshwater fish is Tilapia lake virus (TiLV), which infects all stages of fish and results in mass mortalities. Previously, a TiLV case was detected in the wild environment in Malaysia that involved tilapia and tinfoil barb. Hence, this study aimed to determine the presence of TiLV in wild tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as well as tinfoil barbs (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) at the similar lake after the initial outbreak in year 2017.
Materials and Methods: Both fish species were sampled from this lake at a month interval for two years and subjected to TiLV detection using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and cell culture isolation. Concurrently, bacterial isolation and water quality measurements were performed to deduce their correlation with TiLV occurrence. Other wild fish species and mollusk were also occasionally sampled during the fish inventory activity at this lake. The fish's weight, length, and associated clinical signs were noted throughout the entire study period.
Results: Mortality was not observed throughout the whole study period, and results indicated a moderate to high prevalence of TiLV infection in both tilapia and tinfoil barbs. There was no correlation between TiLV infection with the isolation rate of opportunistic bacteria such as Aeromonas spp., Plesiomonas spp., and Edwardsiella spp. in the study site. At the same time, the Pearson correlation test revealed a moderate negative correlation between the water pH with the presence of TiLV (R=–0.4472; p<0.05) and a moderate positive correlation between the water iron content with the monthly detection of Aeromonas spp. in wild tilapia. This is contrary to tinfoil barbs, where there was a moderate negative correlation between the water iron content with the monthly isolation of Aeromonas spp. (R=–0.5190; p<0.05). Furthermore, isolation of TiLV on cell culture-induced viral invasion was resulted in the cytopathic effects.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that the wild fish may harbor TiLV for an extended period following a massive die-off event in 2017 without any obvious clinical signs and mortality. The persistency of viruses in the wild may need continuous and effective control as well as prevention strategies.
Publisher
Veterinary World
Subject
General Veterinary
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