Affiliation:
1. Department of Animal Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
Abstract
Aim: A longitudinal study was conducted to assess the epidemiology of common gastrointestinal parasite (GIP) infections affecting goats in South Africa as influenced by agro-ecological zone (AEZ), sampling season, and the age and sex of animals.
Materials and Methods: A total of 288 goats (101 male and 187 female) were randomly sampled during winter and summer in areas representing four AEZs (arid: 80; semi-arid: 76; humid: 62; and dry sub-humid: 70) of South Africa. Fecal samples from each animal were collected from the rectum, and the presence of GIP eggs was determined using a modified McMaster technique. A sample was considered positive when a minimum of one GIP egg was detected under the microscope. Fecal cultures were prepared, and infective larvae were collected and identified. The data were analyzed by MiniTab17 (2017) using the FREQ procedure, and the association between the independent factors and the prevalence of various GIPs were evaluated using the Pearson Chi-square test (p<0.05).
Results: The overall prevalence of GIP in the present study was 37.1%, with a mean prevalence of 30.0, 26.4, 31.1, 36.6, and 59.6% for Eimeria spp., Trichuris, Strongyloides papillosus, Moniezia spp., and strongyles, respectively. There was a significant (p<0.05) association between the prevalence of strongyles, Trichuris, Moniezia spp., and AEZs, whereas an insignificant (p>0.05) association was observed for the prevalence of Eimeria spp. and S. papillosus. A significant (p<0.05) association between goat age and prevalence of all GIPs was observed, where the prevalence was higher in young goats, followed by adults, and then by suckling goats. The prevalence of various GIPs was similar between male and female goats. The percentage of infection with Eimeria spp., Trichuris, S. papillosus, and strongyle parasitic infections was marginally higher in males than in females, whereas that of the Moniezia spp. was higher in females. A significant (p<0.05) association between the prevalence of Eimeria spp. and sampling season was observed, and there was an insignificant (p>0.05) association between the other GIPs and sampling season. The prevalence of Eimeria spp. infection was higher in winter (34.0%) than in summer (26.0%).
Conclusion: AEZs and goat age are the most important risk factors influencing GIP infections in South African communal goats. These epidemiological parameters are important for outlining effective parasite control management systems against these GIPs in goats.
Funder
National Research Foundation
Reference62 articles.
1. Homann, S., Van Rooyen, A., Moyo, T. and Nengomasha, Z. (2007) Goat production and marketing: Baseline information for semi-arid Zimbabwe. ICRISAT. Available from: http://www.icrisat.org/Publications-2007. Accessed on 20-04-2014.
2. Ruto, E., Garrod, G. and Scarpa, R. (2008) Valuing animal genetic resources: A choice modeling application to indigenous cattle in Kenya. J. Agric. Econ., 38(1): 89-98.
3. Sweet, R.J. (2008) Managing and developing African Pastoralism: Some practical considerations. Grassroots, 8(2): 2.
4. Teklye, B. (1991) Epidemiology of endoparasites of small ruminants in Sub-Saharan Africa. In: The Proceedings of Fourth National Livestock Improvement Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. p7-11.
5. Mandonnet, N., Aumont, G., Fleury, J., Arquet, R., Varo, H., Gruner, L., Bouix, J. and Khang, J.V. (2001) Assessment of genetic variability of resistance to gastrointestinal nematode parasites in Creole goats in the humid tropics. J. Anim. Sci., 79(7): 1706-1712.
Cited by
24 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献