Risk factors associated with Salmonella prevalence, its antibiotic resistance, and egg antibiotic residues in the layer farming environment
-
Published:2022-03-09
Issue:
Volume:
Page:543-550
-
ISSN:2231-0916
-
Container-title:Veterinary World
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:Vet World
Author:
Sornplang Pairat1ORCID, Aieamsaard Jareerat2ORCID, Saksangawong Chuleeporn1ORCID, Suayroop Naritsara3ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 2. Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 3. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Abstract
Background and Aim: Human salmonellosis with non-typhoidal Salmonella remains a global public health concern related to the consumption of contaminated eggs and egg-based products. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of Salmonella, antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella, and egg antibiotic residues concerning risk factors associated with Salmonella contamination in eggs, the layer farming environment, and laying hens kept in battery-cage closed-housing systems.
Materials and Methods: This study used a repeated cross-sectional design to collect 488 samples from eggs, laying hens, and the farm environment on one laying farm for Salmonella detection according to ISO 6579:2002/AMD 1:2007. Salmonella-positive samples were further tested for serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion test. The layer farm contact person was interviewed at the sampling time to evaluate the risk factors associated with Salmonella contamination using logistic regression analysis. For each month, 24 eggs (144 eggs in total) were also randomly sampled from the collection egg area at the farm for antibiotic residue detection using the European Four Plate Test.
Results: The highest Salmonella prevalence rates were in the samples from the layer pen floors, followed by the egg sizing machine (ESM) and eggshells at 65.5%, 52.5%, and 15%, respectively. Salmonella enterica serovar Corvallis was the dominant serovar (48.38%), followed by Mbandaka (37.76%), Braenderup (14.29%), and Typhimurium (4.08%). Rodent presence at the farm and the frequency of changing the disinfectant foot dip were significant factors related to Salmonella contamination on the pen floors (odds ratio [OR]=22.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.11-240.48, p=0.01; OR=24, 95% CI=2.78-206.96, p=0.004, respectively). Hand-washing before sorting and cleaning the ESM were the significant factors (OR=13, 95% CI=1.2-140.73, p=0.04). The most resistant Salmonella isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline. One isolate of S. enterica Typhimurium was resistant to cefotaxime, enrofloxacin, and oxytetracycline. The antibiotic residues in the egg yolks were streptomycin, enrofloxacin, and tetracycline at prevalence rates of 36.11%, 11.81%, and 7.64%, respectively. Streptomycin was the most abundant residue in the albumen and yolk, followed by tetracycline.
Conclusion: Salmonella prevalence in layer farming with a closed-housing system is related to effective biosecurity and hygiene issues, such as rodent control, clean farm equipment, and good worker hygiene. In addition, eggs' antibiotic residues may be related to treating antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella isolates and medicated feed with inappropriate antibiotic withdrawal time.
Funder
Khon Kaen University
Publisher
Veterinary World
Subject
General Veterinary
Reference29 articles.
1. Li, X., Liu, L., Li, Q., Xu, G. and Zheng, J. (2018) Salmonella contamination in layer farms in China: Detection and genetic analysis. J. Poult. Sci., 55(1): 1-9. 2. Fagbamila, I.O., Mancin, M., Barco, L., Ngulukun, S.S., Jambalang, A., Ajayi, O.T., Sati, N., Emennaa, P., Ankeli, P.I., Kwaga, J., Abdu, P.A., Kabir, J., Umoh, J., Ricci, A. and Muhammad, M. (2018) Investigation of potential risk factors associated with Salmonella presence in commercial laying hen farms in Nigeria. Prev. Vet. Med., 152(4 ): 40-47. 3. Sodagari, H.R., Habib, I., Whiddon, S., Penghao, W., Mohammed, A.B., Robertson, I. and Goodchild, S. (2020) Occurrence and characterization of Salmonella isolated from table egg layer farming environments in Western Australia and insights into biosecurity and egg handling practices. Pathogens, 9(1): 56. 4. Li, Y., Yang, X., Zhang, H., Jia, H., Liu, X., Yu, B., Zeng, Y., Zhang, Y., Pei, X. and Yang, D. (2020) Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella in the commercial eggs in China. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 325(14 ): 108623. 5. Lin, Q., Chousalkar, K.K., McWhorter, A.R. and Khan, S. (2021) Salmonella Hessarek: An emerging foodborne pathogen and its role in egg safety. Food Control., 125(7 ): 107996.
Cited by
2 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献
|
|