Prototype for rapid test devices to detect residues of sulfonamides in chicken carcasses from traditional breeders in Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract

Background and Aim: Sulfadiazine, one of the sulfonamide group’s active compounds, is widely used for therapeutic production against several diseases. Veterinary drug residues can have a significant impact on human health conditions. This study aimed to develop a prototype of rapid test devices (RTDs) for detecting sulfadiazine residues on chicken carcasses based on the color indication. Materials and Methods: Seven samples of carcasses collected from traditional breeders in Surabaya-Indonesia were prepared and tested using RTDs. This sample represents the population considering that in the last report, the use of antibiotics was more than 40%, while the ability to monitor RTDs was estimated at 100. The standard color of purple by Hex code standard color or decimal code color was used to compare the positive samples. A light-emitting diode (LED) lamp was used to observe purple color. Analysis of sulfonamides resulting from RTDs was compared using a ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. Results: Sulfonamides contamination levels of 50% and 100% were detected at concentrations of 0.472 µg/mL and 0.642 µg/mL, respectively. Sulfonamides contamination that was <0.395 µg/mL did not appear purple. Conclusion: The study’s findings showed that RTDs can be used to detect sulfonamides residues at a limit of detection 0.5 µg/mL after a 45 min exposure to an LED operating at a wavelength of 980 nm (p < 0.05). The limitation of RTDs was not being able to monitor the presence of residues bound in fat samples. Rapid test devices can be developed for commonly monitoring devices due to the limited technology available in the market. Keywords: diazotation, food safety, residues, sulfadiazine, veterinary drugs.