Formation of yield structure elements of winter bread wheat varieties when sown after peas in the conditions of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”

Abstract

Field trials were carried out on the basis of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2021–2023. Peas were used as a forecrop. In the trials there were studied 14 winter bread wheat varieties of the competitive variety testing conducted in the laboratory for breeding and seed production of winter bread wheat of semi-intensive type. The purpose of the current work was to study the effect of yield structure elements on the productivity of winter bread wheat varieties bred by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” when sown after peas in the southern part of the Rostov region. Analysis of the results has shown that the yield of 2021–2023 varied from 7.34 t/ha for the standard variety ‘Don 107’ to 8.45 t/ha for the variety ‘Premiera’. During the period of work, there were estimated such structure elements as ‘number of productive stems’, ‘length of a head’, ‘number of spikelets in a head’, ‘number of grains in a head’, ‘grain weight per head’, ‘1000-grain weight’. The trait ‘number of productive stems’ varied from 600 pcs./m² to 720 pcs./m², the maximum values were obtained from the varieties ‘Ayuta’ (650 pcs./m²), ‘Volny Don’ (678 pcs./m²), ‘Polina’ (680 pcs./m²), ‘Region 161’ (681 pcs./m²), ‘Volnitsa’, ‘Donets’ (700 pcs./m²), ‘Flagman’ (702 pcs./m²), ‘Aksai’ (708 pcs./m²), ‘Premiera’ (718 pcs./m²), ‘Ambar’ (720 pcs/m²). During the studied period, the varieties were divided into such two groups according to the length of a head as ‘medium-headed (8–10 cm) including the varieties ‘Don 107’, ‘Zhavoronok’, ‘Podarok Krymu’, ‘Ayuta’, ‘Region 161’, ‘Volny Don’, ‘Flagman’ and ‘long-headed’ (more than 10 cm) including the varieties ‘Zolotoy Kolos’, ‘Polina’, ‘Donets’, ‘Volnitsa’, ‘Ambar’, ‘Premiera’, ‘Aksai’. The limits of variability in the trait ‘number of grains per head’ for the winter bread wheat samples ranged from 28.7 pcs. (‘Volny Don’) to 38.7 pcs. (‘Zolotoy Kolos’). The trait ‘grain weight per head’ of the standard variety ‘Don 107’ was 1.30 g, high values of the trait (НСР05 = ±0.05 g) were identified in such varieties as ‘Polina’ and ‘Donets’ (1.36 g), ‘Zhavoronok’ (1.39 g), ‘Zolotoy Kolos’ (1.45 g). The trait ‘1000-grain weight’ varied from 35.3 g (‘Podarok Krymu’) to 48.0 g (‘Donets’). Large grains were formed by the varieties ‘Zhavoronok’ (40.0 g), ‘Flagman’ (40.6 g), ‘Premiera’ (45.1 g), ‘Aksai’ (45.2 g), ‘Volnitsa’ (47.0 g), ‘Donets’ (48.0). Significant contribution to the formation of productivity of the new winter bread wheat varieties bred by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” was made by the traits ‘1000-grain weight’ (r = 0.75±0.18), ‘length of a head’ (r = 0.66±0.21), ‘number of productive stems’ (r = 0.61 ± 0.22) and ‘grain weight per head’ (r = 0.57 ± 0.23).