Weight control intentions and mental health among Canadian adolescents: a gender-based analysis of students in the COMPASS study

Abstract

Little is known about gender differences in associations between weight control intentions and mental health in adolescents. Our objective was to examine these associations in a large sample of adolescent girls and boys.

Using data from Year 6 (2017–18) of the COMPASS study (n = 57 324), we performed a series of multivariable linear regressions to examine whether weight control intentions (gain, lose, stay the same, no intention) were associated with depression, anxiety and self-concept, while adjusting for relevant covariates including body mass index. Models were stratified by self-reported gender.

Compared to those with no intentions, girls who intended to lose weight reported higher symptoms of depression (B = 0.52, p $lt; 0.001) and anxiety (B = 0.41, p $lt; 0.001) and poorer self-concept (B = 2.06, p $lt; 0.001). Girls who intended to gain weight also reported higher symptoms of depression (B = 0.54, p $lt; 0.001), anxiety (B = 0.50, p $lt; 0.001) and self-concept (B = 1.25, p $lt; 0.001). Boys who intended to lose weight reported greater symptoms of depression (B = 0.26, p $lt; 0.001) and anxiety (B = 0.33, p $lt; 0.001) and poor self-concept (B = 1.10, p $lt; 0.001). In boys, weight-gain intentions were associated with greater symptoms of anxiety (B = 0.17, p $lt; 0.05), but not depression or self-concept.

Intentions to gain or lose weight were associated with symptoms of mental disorder and poor self-concept in our large sample of adolescents, and these relationships differed in boys and girls. These findings have important implications for school-based programs promoting healthy weight and body image.