1. Abbas Ziafati Bafarasat is a Postdoctoral Fellow of the Fritz Thyssen Foundation at the Faculty of Spatial Planning, TU Dortmund, August-Schmidt-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund; Mark Baker is Reader in Planning at the Manchester Urban Institute (MUI), University of Manchester, School of Environment, Education and Development, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL;