Predictors for Colorectal Polyps in an Asymptomatic Population Undergoing Medical Check-ups

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer primarily arises from colorectal polyps. Early screening and removal is beneficial, especially in asymptomatic populations. This research aimed to reveal the risk factors detected in medical check-ups for colorectal polyps in asymptomatic people. Materials and Methods: Clinical data of 933 asymptomatic people who underwent colonoscopies from May 2014 to December 2021 was analyzed retrospectively. Data included sex, age, colonoscopy findings, polyp pathology, polyp number, and blood test results. The distribution of colorectal lesions was analyzed. Participants were divided into control and polyp groups, adenomatous and non-adenomatous polyp groups, and single and multiple adenoma groups. Results: Participants’ age, proportion of males, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), uric acid and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were significantly higher (P≤0.05) in the polyp group. Age (>40 y), sex (male), and CEA level (>1.435 ng/mL) were independent risk factors for polyps. CEA, uric acid, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the adenoma group than in the non-adenomatous group. CEA level (>1.435 ng/mL) was an independent predictor for adenomas (P<0.05). Participants’ age, proportion of males, CEA, glycosylated hemoglobin, and fasting blood glucose levels were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the multiple adenoma group than in the single group; the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was lower (P<0.05). No independent risk factors were found for the number of adenomas. Conclusions: Serum CEA level (>1.435 ng/mL) was independent risk factor for colorectal polyps. It may be conducive to improve discriminative ability of colorectal cancer risk stratification model.