Impact of HER2 on prognosis and benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II/III gastric cancer patients: a multicenter observational study

Abstract

Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a well-developed therapeutic target in breast and gastric cancer (GC). However, the impact of HER2 on survival and benefit from fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy remains unclear in patients with GC. Materials and Methods: This multicenter cohort study involved 5622 consecutive stage II/III GC patients. HER2 expression was assessed prospectively via immunohistochemistry (IHC). The staining intensity was graded on a scale of 0 to 3+. An IHC score of 2+or 3+was defined as high expression, and a score of 3+was defined as overexpression. Results: HER2 overexpression was independently associated with a lower 5-year overall survival (OS) in stage II [hazard ratio (HR), 2.10; 95% CI: 1.41–3.11], but not in stage III GC (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.82–1.20). Further analysis revealed that stage II patients with high HER2 expression showed a poorer response to chemotherapy than stage II patients with low HER2 expression (P interaction=0.024). The HRs for 5-year OS were 0.51 (95% CI, 0.38–0.70) for stage II patients with low HER2 expression, 0.58 (95% CI, 0.51–0.66) for stage III patients with low HER2 expression, 1.13 (95% CI, 0.61–2.09) for stage II patients with high HER2 expression, and 0.47 (95% CI, 0.36–0.61) for stage III patients with high HER2 expression. Conclusions: Fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy is insufficient for stage II GC patients with high HER2 expression, indicating that prospective trials are required to validate alternative HER2-targeted adjuvant therapies in the individuals above.