Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation for Aortic Regurgitation: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Aortic regurgitation (AR), a left-sided valvular heart disease, poses challenges in both diagnosis and treatment. From rheumatic fever to trauma, the vast etiologies of AR can manifest with varying symptoms and disease progression. Nonetheless, without interventions, patients with acute and chronic symptomatic AR have a poor prognosis. This article synthesizes current knowledge on AR management, emphasizing advancements in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). While surgical aortic valve replacement remains the gold standard, TAVI has emerged as a promising alternative, particularly for inoperable patients. It is currently used off-label for patients with bicuspid valve and valve-in-valve procedures. Clinical data from various studies underscore TAVI’s efficacy in AR, demonstrating improvements in left ventricular function and mortality rates with use of the new-generation devices. However, challenges persist with conditions such as aortic aneurysms, including device positioning and selection. With ongoing technological innovations, TAVI holds potential as a viable option in selected AR patients, necessitating further research for optimized outcomes.