Tumour regression predicts better response to interferon therapy in melanoma patients: a retrospective single centre study

Author:

Mezőlaki Noémi E.1,Baltás Eszter1,Ócsai Henriette L.1,Varga Anita1,Korom Irma1,Varga Erika1,Németh István B.1,Kis Erika G.1,Varga János1,Kocsis Ádám1,Gyulai Rolland1,Bukva Mátyás1,Kemény Lajos1,Oláh Judit1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, University of Szeged, Hungary

Abstract

We hypothesise that regression may have an impact on the effectiveness of adjuvant IFN therapy, based on its role in the host immune response. Our purpose is to investigate regression and ulceration as prognostic factors in case of interferon-alpha (IFN)-treated melanoma patients. We followed 357 IFN-treated melanoma patients retrospectively, investigating progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) depending on the presence of ulceration and regression. A Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed, and we used a Cox regression analysis to relate risk factors. The survival function of the Cox regression was used to measure the effect of regression and ulceration on PFS and OS depending on the Breslow thickness (T1–T4) of the primary tumour. Regression was significantly positively related to PFS (P = 0.0018, HR = 0.352) and OS (P = 0.0112, HR = 0.380), while ulceration showed a negative effect (PFS: P = 0.0001, HR = 2.629; OS: P = 0.0003, HR = 2.388). They influence survival independently. The most favourable outcome was measured in the regressed/non-ulcerated group, whereas the worse was in the non-regressed/ulcerated one. Of risk factors, Breslow thickness is the most significant predictor. The efficacy of regression is regardless of Breslow thickness, though the more favourable the impact of regression was in the thicker primary lesions. Our results indicate that regression is associated with a more favourable outcome for IFN-treated melanoma patients, whereas ulceration shows an inverse relation. Further studies are needed to analyse the survival benefit of regression in relation to innovative immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Cancer Research,Dermatology,Oncology

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