LOW-DOSE SUPPLEMENTATION WITH RETINOL IMPROVES RETINAL FUNCTION IN EYES WITH AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION BUT WITHOUT RETICULAR PSEUDODRUSEN

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the functional impact of oral vitamin A supplementation in patients with intermediate age-related macular degeneration with and without reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) demonstrating dysfunction in dark adaptation. Methods: Five patients with intermediate age-related macular degeneration and without RPD (AMD group; mean ± SD age 78.0 ± 4.7 years) and seven with RPD (RPD group; age 74.1 ± 11.2 years) were supplemented with 16,000 IU of vitamin A palmitate for 8 weeks. Assessment at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks included scotopic thresholds, dark adaptation, best-corrected and low luminance visual acuities, and the low-luminance quality of life questionnaire. Results: In the linear mixed model, rod intercept time improved significantly in the AMD group (mean [95% CI] change −1.1 minutes [−1.8; −0.5] after 4 weeks (P < 0.001) and −2.2 min [−2.9 to −1.6] after 8 weeks of vitamin A supplementation (P < 0.001). The dark adaptation cone plateau also significantly improved (i.e., more sensitive cone threshold) at 4 and 8 weeks (P = 0.026 and P = 0.001). No other parameters improved in the AMD group, and there was no significant improvement in any parameter in the RPD group despite significantly elevated serum vitamin A levels measurable in both groups after supplementation (P = 0.024 and P = 0.013). Conclusion: Supplementation with 16,000 IU vitamin A, a lower dose than used in previous studies, partially overcomes the pathophysiologic functional changes in AMD eyes. The lack of improvement in the RPD group may indicate structural impediments to increasing vitamin A availability in these patients and/or may reflect the higher variability observed in the functional parameters for this group.