1. Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
2. Staff Anesthesiologist, Department of Anesthesiology, Chiba Emergency Medical Center, Chiba, Japan.
3. Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University Takii Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
4. Consultant in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom.