Inhalation Anesthesia Increases V/Q Regional Heterogeneity during Spontaneous Breathing in Healthy Subjects

Author:

Nyrén Sven1,Radell Peter2,Mure Margareta3,Petersson Johan4,Jacobsson Hans5,Lindahl Sten G. E.6,Sánchez-Crespo Alejandro7

Affiliation:

1. Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

2. Associate Professor, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, and Head, Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital.

3. Associate Professor, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital.

4. Anesthesiologist, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital.

5. Professor, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital.

6. Professor, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, and Research Director, Karolinska University Hospital.

7. Hospital Physicist, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital.

Abstract

Background The underlying mechanism for the increased alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference resulting from almost all forms of general anesthesia is unknown. We hypothesized that inhalation anesthesia influences the intrapulmonary distribution of ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q), leading to less advantageous V/Q matching. Methods Ten healthy volunteers were studied in supine position on two separate occasions, once awake and once during mild anesthesia (sevoflurane inhalation) with maintained spontaneous breathing. On both occasions, the distribution of V and Q were simultaneously imaged using single photon emission computed tomography. V was tagged with [Tc]-labeled carbon particle aerosol and Q with [In]-labeled macroaggregates of human albumin. Atelectasis formation during anesthesia was prevented using low concentrations of oxygen in inhaled air. Results Mean V and Q distributions in the ventral-to-dorsal direction, measured in 20 equally spaced volumes of interest and in three regions of interest of equal volume, did not differ between conditions. Anesthesia, when compared with the awake state, significantly decreased the total heterogeneity of the Q distribution (P = 0.002, effect size 1.16) but did not alter V (P = 0.37, effect size 0.41). The corresponding V/Q total heterogeneity was higher under anesthesia (P = 0.002, effect size 2.64). Compared to the awake state, the V/Q frequency distribution under anesthesia became wider (P = 0.009, 1.76 effect size) with a tendency toward low V/Q ratios. Conclusion Inhalation anesthesia alone affects Q but not V, suggesting that anesthesia has a direct effect on the active regulatory mechanism coordinating Q with V, leading to less favorable V/Q matching.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine

Reference36 articles.

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