Higher Heart Rate Is Independently Associated With Abnormal Body Mass Index in a J Shape Pattern

Abstract

Background: High heart rate (HR) is independently associated with higher cardiovascular mortality and usually occurs in sedentary persons. Inactivity can also lead to obesity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between body mass index as an independent marker of high HR. Method: Data generated from screening echocardiography, for the prevention of sudden death at the Anthony Bates Foundation, was used. Data from 1340 subjects, with documented HR and body mass index, between the ages 19–79 years with a mean age of 32 years, were studied. We correlated the presence of a high HR >90 beats per minute (bpm) with different body mass index (BMI) categories. Results: High HR was significantly associated with higher BMI categories and underweight subjects in adults suggesting a J shape association. A total of 22.7% of participants with an HR of more than 90 bpm had BMI >40 kg/m2, versus 19.0% of patients with BMI of 35–40 kg/m2 versus 13.5% of subjects with BMI of 30–35 kg/m2 versus 12.2% of subjects with BMI of 25–30 kg/m2–29.9 kg/m2, versus in 10.3% of subjects with BMI between 18.5 and 25 kg/m2, P < 0.01) Furthermore, increased HR was also more prevalent in underweight patient (17.4% in subjects with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2). Conclusion: High HR is strongly associated with obesity and underweight suggesting that maintaining a normal weight is associated with most positive effect on the cardiovascular system.