Prognosis Prediction of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Using Ensemble Artificial Intelligence Learning Models

Abstract

Objective We used simple variables to construct prognostic prediction ensemble learning models for patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Study Design Retrospectively study. Setting Tertiary medical center. Patients 1,572 patients with SSNHL. Intervention Prognostic. Main Outcome Measures We selected four variables, namely, age, days after onset of hearing loss, vertigo, and type of hearing loss. We also compared the accuracy between different ensemble learning models based on the boosting, bagging, AdaBoost, and stacking algorithms. Results We enrolled 1,572 patients with SSNHL; 73.5% of them showed improving and 26.5% did not. Significant between-group differences were noted in terms of age (p = 0.011), days after onset of hearing loss (p < 0.001), and concurrent vertigo (p < 0.001), indicating that the patients who showed improving to treatment were younger and had fewer days after onset and fewer vertigo symptoms. Among ensemble learning models, the AdaBoost algorithm, compared with the other algorithms, achieved higher accuracy (82.89%), higher precision (86.66%), a higher F1 score (89.20), and a larger area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (0.79), as indicated by test results of a dataset with 10 independent runs. Furthermore, Gini scores indicated that age and days after onset are two key parameters of the predictive model. Conclusions The AdaBoost model is an effective model for predicting SSNHL. The use of simple parameters can increase its practicality and applicability in remote medical care. Moreover, age may be a key factor influencing prognosis.