Auditory Localization Performance in Cochlear Implant Recipients With Single-Sided Deafness: The Challenges and Limitations of Current Outcome Metrics

Abstract

Hypothesis Acoustic localization accuracy metrics currently employed in clinical literature both overestimate and underestimate performance benefit of cochlear implantation (CI) for single-sided deafness (SSD). Background Although localization in SSD with CI has been investigated, performance characterization has relied heavily on average error. Although attractively concise, this measure may misrepresent performance. Here, we characterize frequency-specific localization on a granular level in subjects with CI for SSD as a critical analysis of localization outcome metrics. Methods Eight CI recipients with SSD were recruited. Stimuli of broadband (BBN) and narrowband noise (NBN) at low (500 Hz), mid (1000 Hz), and high (4000 Hz) frequencies were presented in a semianechoic chamber. Localization accuracy was quantified in mean angular error (MAE) and linear regression slope. Results Use of a CI for SSD subjects improved localization performance by slope for all stimuli (p ≤ 0.0033) to a level that was equal to normal-hearing controls at 1 and 4 kHz (p ≥ 0.2281). MAE was also significantly improved for SSD subjects using CI for BBN stimuli (p ≪ 0.0001); however, no statistically significant improvement in MAE was seen for NBN (p ≥ 0.5773) with CI use. Descriptive analysis of individual subject performance highlights the reasons for contradictory results. Conclusion There is inherent challenge in characterizing localization benefit for individuals with CI for SSD. Our data demonstrate the limitations of utilization of average error as the sole metric for outcome benefit. We emphasize the importance of continued research investigating alternative outcome measures as we work toward a more refined understanding of the potential benefits and limitations of cochlear implantation for SSD.