Impact of Migraine on the Tinnitus-Specific Health-Related Quality of Life and Psychiatric Comorbidities in Patients with Tinnitus

Abstract

Objective To investigate the impact of migraine on the tinnitus-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with tinnitus. Methods This cross-sectional study included 227 consecutive patients with tinnitus as their primary complaint. Patients who were diagnosed as having comorbid migraine were asked whether their tinnitus exacerbated during attacks of migraine. All the patients completed three questionnaires: the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults (HHIA) or its counterpart for the Elderly (HHIE), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results Among the 227 tinnitus patients, 60 (26.4%) had comorbid migraine. There were no significant differences in the THI or HHIA/HHIE scores between patients with migraine and those without migraine (both p > 0.05). The HADS score was significantly higher in patients with migraine than those without migraine (p < 0.05). Out of the 60 tinnitus patients with comorbid migraine, 27 (45.0%) experienced exacerbation of tinnitus during migraine attacks. Patients whose tinnitus exacerbated during migraine attacks had significantly higher scores in THI, HHIA/HHIE, and HADS compared to those whose tinnitus did not change during migraine attacks (p < 0.05 for THI and HADS, p < 0.01 for HHIA/HHIE). Conclusion The presence of migraine did not affect the tinnitus-specific HRQOL in tinnitus patients but had significant impacts on their psychiatric comorbidities. However, in patients who experienced exacerbation of tinnitus during migraine attacks, the presence of migraine had a significant impact on the tinnitus-specific HRQOL, hearing handicap, and psychiatric comorbidities.