Preoperative Anxiety Levels and Postoperative Middle Ear Surgery Pain Levels

Abstract

Objective This study aimed to characterize self-reported postoperative pain after tympanoplasty and tympanomastoidectomy and correlate pain severity with the patient's preoperative anxiety state. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary referral medical center. Patients Adult patients undergoing any middle ear surgery between July 2018 and July 2019. Main Outcome Measures Patient responses to an otology questionnaire (OQ) for scoring pain intensity on a visual analog scale preoperatively and on postoperative days (PODs) 1–4, 21, and 63. The responses were correlated with anxiety state (assessed by State-Trait Personality Inventory [STPI] scores) and clinical and operative data, including surgical technique–related details. Results Sixty patients were enrolled (mean age ± standard deviation, 40 ± 19.7 yr, 26 men). Their median preoperative (baseline) visual analog scale pain score was 6 on POD1, 5 on POD3, and 1 at 3 and 7 weeks. Their median preoperative OQ score was 32 of 70 (45.7%), 37 of 70 (52.8%) on POD1, 33 of 70 (47.1%) on POD3, 6 of 70 (8.5%) at 3 weeks, and 6 of 70 at 7 weeks. Their overall mean preoperative anxiety level (STPI score) was 2.63 ± 1.50. STPI scores were significantly higher among patients who reported OQ scores equal to or higher than the median during PODs 1 to 4 in comparison to patients who reported OQ scores lower than the median. The α Cronbach correlation between anxiety and postoperative pain scores on POD1 was 0.97. Conclusion Preoperative anxiety levels are closely associated with postoperative pain levels after any middle ear surgery. Measures to control preoperative anxiety are warranted to alleviate postoperative pain.