Management of Fallopian Canal Spontaneous CSF Leaks, Implications of Elevated Intracranial Pressure: Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature

Abstract

Objectives Describe the diagnosis and management of a spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak (sCSF-L) through the facial nerve fallopian canal and determine the role of intracranial hypertension (IH). Study Design Retrospective case study and systematic review of the literature. Methods Reviewed patient characteristics, radiographic findings, and management of the facial nerve canal CSF leak and postoperative IH. Conducted systematic literature review according to the PRISMA guidelines for surgical management and rates of IH. Results A 50-year-old female with bilateral tegmen defects and temporal encephaloceles underwent left middle cranial fossa (MCF) repair. Intraoperative CSF egressed from the temporal bone tegmen defects. Facial nerve decompression revealed CSF leak from the labyrinthine segment. A nonocclusive temporalis muscle plug was placed in the fallopian canal, and tegmen repair was completed with bone cement. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed for IH. Postoperative facial nerve function and hearing were normal. A total of 20 studies met inclusion criteria with a total of 25 unique patients. Of 13 total adult cases of fallopian canal CSF leak, there is a 46% recurrence rate, and 86% of patients had documented IH when tested. Conclusions Fallopian canal CSF leaks are rare and challenging to manage. Assessment of intracranial hypertension and CSF diversion is recommended along with MCF skull base repair to preserve facial nerve function and conductive hearing.