The Effect of Immediate Microsurgical Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma on Hearing Preservation

Abstract

Objective Evaluate for differences in postoperative hearing in patients who undergo immediate versus delayed hearing preservation microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannomas (VS). Study Design Retrospective single-institution cohort study spanning November 2017 to November 2021. Setting Single-institution tertiary care hospital. Patients Sporadic VS in patients with American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery hearing classification A or B, with tumor size less than or equal to 2 cm and undergoing hearing preservation microsurgical resection. Interventions Delayed surgical intervention defined by time from first diagnostic MRI to date of surgery being greater than 3 months Main Outcome Measures Preoperative and postoperative audiometric performance. Results In total, 193 patients met inclusion criteria. Within the cohort, 70 (36%) proceeded with surgery within 3 months of diagnostic MRI with a mean observation time of 62 days, whereas 123 (63%) underwent surgery after 3 months with a mean observation time of 301 days. There was no difference in preoperative hearing between the two groups with word recognition score 99% in early intervention group and 100% in delayed intervention group (p = 0.6). However, 64% of those who proceeded with immediate surgery had successful hearing preservation, compared to a 42% of those who had delayed intervention (p < 0.01). In a multivariable logistic regression accounting for preoperative word recognition score, tumor size, and age at diagnosis, the odds of hearing preservation were lower in those who delayed surgery compared to immediate surgery (odds ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.15–0.61). Conclusions Patients who underwent microsurgical resection within 3 months of diagnosis demonstrated a hearing preservation advantage compared to those who did not. Findings of this study highlight the counseling challenges associated with the timing of surgical treatment of VS in patients presenting with good preoperative hearing and small tumors.