1. Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
2. College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
3. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
4. Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
5. Department of Family Medicine, Taipei MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
6. Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
7. Graduate Program of Data Science, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan