Elucidating molecular and cellular targets and the antiprostate cancer potentials of promising phytochemicals: a review

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) has become the major health problem and the leading causes of cancer mortality among men. PCa often progresses from an early androgen-dependent form of cancer to a late (metastatic) androgen-independent cancer, for which no effective treatment options are available. Current therapies target testosterone depletion, androgen axis inhibition, androgen receptor (AR) downregulation and regulation PSA expression. These conventional treatment options, however, are intense and pose severe side effects. From the past few years, plant-derived compounds or phytochemicals have attracted much attention by the researchers worldwide for their promising approach in inhibiting the development and growth of cancer. This review emphasizes mechanistic role of promising phytochemicals on PCa. This review imparts to score anticancer efficacy of promising phyto-agents luteolin, fisetin, coumestrol and hesperidin with focus on the mechanistic action in management and treatment of PCa. These phytocompounds were also selected for their best binding affinity with the ARs on the basis of molecular docking studies.