1. Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
2. Division of Emergency Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
3. Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
4. Ornge, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
5. Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
6. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.