Hormonal influences on meningioma risk in women

Abstract

Summary Meningiomas have been linked to endogenous and exogenous hormones, but the exact mechanisms are unclear. A review of 23 studies (1958–2018) found no significant association between menarche age and meningioma risk. Most contraceptives showed no link, though some specific types indicated high risk. Pregnancy might be protective while breastfeeding over 6 months showed a protective effect in one study. Postmenopausal status increased risk in two studies. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) results were inconsistent, with some studies indicating increased risk, particularly with long-term use. High cumulative doses of cyproterone acetate (CPA) were significantly associated with increased risk. Overall, hormonal factors’ role in meningioma development varies, with specific hormones and high doses of CPA posing significant risks, suggesting the need for further research.