Risk factors and consequences of a rare obstetric complication: Intrapartum fetal decapitation

Abstract

Intrapartum fetal decapitation is an extremely rare and devastating birth complication that involves the horizontal laceration and discontinuation of the neck and its contained soft structures. This article examines the limited literature on this topic, identifying risk factors and complications associated with fetal decapitation during childbirth. Risk factors such as macrosomia, high body mass index, cephalopelvic disproportion, high gestational age, prolonged second stage of labor, maternal diabetes, and breech position increase the likelihood of this traumatic event. Complications such as shoulder dystocia can progress to fetal decapitation, especially in cases involving vacuum-assisted deliveries. The article highlights the importance of appropriate management and ethical considerations in cases of fetal decapitation, emphasizing the need for transparency and communication with the parents. The involvement of medical staff’s competence and education is also addressed as a crucial factor in preventing such tragic outcomes. The article suggests that pre-birth checkups should assess the risk factors and guide obstetricians in determining the appropriate mode of delivery to minimize the chances of fetal decapitation. Effective risk management and improved staff qualifications are advocated to mitigate the occurrence of such rare but devastating events. Ultimately, this article underscores the importance of comprehensive evaluation, communication, and education to prevent fetal decapitation and ensure the well-being of both mothers and infants during childbirth.