Time trends in liver cancer mortality rates in Montenegro from 1990 to 2018

Abstract

Objective Liver cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Hepatitis B and C infections are the main factors affecting mortality. During recent years, Montenegro conducted activities on eradication of viral hepatitis according to the global strategy for the primary prevention of liver cancer mortality. The objective of this study was to assess the liver cancer mortality trend in Montenegro for the period of 1990–2018 using regression techniques. Methods liver cancer mortality data in Montenegro from 1990 to 2018 were collected. Mortality rates were age standardized to the World Standard Population. The joinpoint, linear and Poisson regressions were used to assess liver cancer mortality trends both overall and gender specific. Results The mortality trend was constant, with no significant increase or decrease in mortality rates both at the overall level and by gender. The number of cases, however, increases significantly at the overall level by an average of 1.4% per year [average annual percentage change (AAPC) (95% confidence interval, CI): 1.4 (0.5–2.3); P = 0.004] and in women by 1.9% per year [AAPC (95% CI): 1.9 (0.8–3.1); P = 0.002]. In men, there was no change in the number of cases. The three age groups most burdened by mortality from liver cancer were 65–74 (34.9%), 75–84 (26.6%) and 55–64 (25.8%). Conclusion The consistent implementation of prevention measures and hepatitis virus infection treatment has played a role in partially favorable liver cancer mortality trends in Montenegro. It is crucial to closely monitor guidelines for this cancer and give particular attention to the elderly population as the most affected.