The microbiota comparative analysis of the characteristics between colorectal adenomatous polyps and normal mucosal intestinal

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study is to systematically examine and compare the characteristics distinguishing colorectal adenomatous polyps from normal mucosal intestinal microbiota. Methods A total of 30 specimens were obtained from patients diagnosed with colorectal adenomatous polyps (adenoma group) who underwent endoscopic removal at Wenzhou People’s Hospital between September 2021 and November 2021. Concurrently, 30 normal mucosal specimens were collected from patients without adenomatous polyps (control group). Subsequently, microbiome total DNA extraction was carried out, followed by PCR amplification targeting the V3–V4 region of the 16S rDNA. High-throughput sequencing was conducted using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Subsequent to sequencing, bioinformatics analysis was used to assess the diversity, composition, and functional aspects of the intestinal microbiota in both study groups. Results A notable dissimilarity in the microbiota structure was identified, specifically within the transverse colon, between these two groups (P < 0.05). Species composition analysis revealed that Escherichia, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroides were predominant bacteria in both groups, with Escherichia and Enterobacter displaying significant differences at the genera level between the control group and the adenoma group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis and functional prediction demonstrated substantial disparities in interactions among dominant intestinal microbial genera within patients from both groups. Additionally, it was discovered that the intestinal microbiomes in patients in the adenoma group exhibited a significantly higher pathogenic potential. Conclusion Upon conducting a comprehensive analysis, it was discerned that the microbiota present in the transverse colon of the control group exhibited distinctive characteristics that may contribute to the maintenance of intestinal health.