Successful Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Weight Loss Program Including GLP1 Receptor Agonists for Liver Transplant Candidates With High Body Mass Index

Abstract

Background. Body mass index (BMI) >40 is considered a relative contraindication to liver transplant. However, there is little research regarding best practices for weight loss in this population. We hypothesized that providing multidisciplinary support, including the use of glucagon-like protein 1 receptor agonists would facilitate patients’ achievement of weight loss necessary for transplant eligibility. Methods. Patients 18 y or older were referred to the Henry Ford Health Liver Metabolic Clinic from August 2019 to September 2023, with either BMI >40 or >35 with abdominal adiposity that would complicate surgery. Patients were provided individualized support from hepatologists, dieticians, and counselors, as well as prescribed antiobesity medication and monitored closely for weight loss progress. Results. Among 19 patients referred to the Liver Metabolic Clinic, median baseline BMI was 42 (range, 34.6–48.8) with median goal weight loss of 14.1 kg (range, 4.1–31.4). Sixteen patients (84%) had metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and 3 patients had alcohol-associated liver disease. Seven had comorbid hepatocellular carcinoma. Median Model for End-stage Liver Disease score was 14 (range, 7–22). Fifteen patients were treated with a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (6 patients received liraglutide, 8 received semaglutide, and 1 received tirzepatide) and 4 received phentermine. Median weight loss was 11.7 kg for all 19 patients (range, 0–33). Eight patients received a transplant and 4 more patients were waitlisted. Time from baseline to waitlisting was ~5.5 mo (median 166 d; range, 68–840). Three patients remained on treatment, whereas 4 were deceased due to progressive liver disease or infection. Conclusions. Providing high BMI patients with individualized dietary and medical support can facilitate weight loss necessary to achieve liver transplant eligibility.